interval modifier anki. What I would do: drastically drop that interval modifier. interval modifier anki

 
 What I would do: drastically drop that interval modifierinterval modifier anki  So the higher the number the higher the interval for the easy button hard interval 1

This tutorial explains how to set anki's interval modifier and tuning it for studying material for more frequent exams. If your Interval Modifier is 150%, then Anki would calculate the new interval as normal (Interval * Ease Factor = New Interval) and then. Don't display graduating interval, easy interval, new interval, starting ease, interval. You're welcome to talk about all of the apps and…r/Anki • 8 yr. 1. The requestRetention of FSRS4Anki is equivalent to interval modifier. 65 You can use Google to calculate it for you. To make this work best, put problems cards in their own decks and increase the interval modifier. 80% interval modifier gets a Good interval of 6 days on 24th of July after 4am. Here, I’m suggesting that we apply this modifier directly to the ease factor of a card on a card-by-card basis rather than a deck-wide adjustment. But I’ve observed quite a few cards that showed me the exact same. In the add-on config you can set if the sidebar is visible by default. e. The Easy BONUS - set to 150 or 200. 5 ~ 3 so the card will be reviewed 3 days later & if you press 'good' once more after 3 days pass, the new interval will be it's (2. A lapse, by definition, is a mature card (a card with an ivl>21d) that is lost (i. If your goal is to repeat a card once a day for multiple days, you can do that by setting more learning mode steps, instead of by adjusting this modifier. In the same token a interval modifier of 200% will make a card appear in 40 days instead of 20 days. Warning: If you use the same Options Group for all decks, then all will be affected. Those can be used to tune learning steps and interval modifier. Let m4 be another user-specified interval modifier, by default 1. If the card had a 100 day interval, the default of 0% would reduce the interval to 0. That way, you won’t be influence by the intervals and can be more honest with your answers. The default settings in Anki are set for this result: "For moderately difficult material, the average user should find they remember approximately 90% of mature cards that come up for review. If I'm not mistaken, SM15 targets 90% retention automatically in a way that must be done manually in Anki through the interval modifier factor. I would prefer to change the intervals, what are the values you recommend (1000 cards in total, possibility to review 500 cards per day, exam in 2 months) thank you. reset the Ease to 250 ( add-on ) kill the fuzz ( add-on "Defuzz") set the Interval Modif to 40. If you feel that Anki is repeating problems too often, you can increase the interval modifier from 1. 0 but that a user can set higher or lower. I use the "true retention" plugin, and every 10 days or so modify all my interval modifiers to try and stay around 85% retention. You can show/hide the sidebar with the shortcut "Shift+C" during reviews or from the main window toolbar with Tools->"Card Stats". That’s it. 8 and currently have a retention rate of 0. For now, I be just tell you I leave the at 100%. I used to use the Anking interval settings (30, 1440). Please see the manual before changing this option. 50 Easy bonus = 1. October 15, 2022 by Siim Andres. 45 and I believe I had a interval modifier of 0. To reach a 80% retention rate, you would want a interval modifier of 65%. To be clear, A and A::B were using separate option groups, and this still occurred (anki version 2. 5 due to only using the easy button if it was really really easy. This add-on prevent you from ease hell. Anki’s default scheduling settings are good enough in most cases. It has an interval of 1 day, an ease of 230% and the interval modifier is set on 80%. Don't be suckered into thinking that restricting your reviews through one method is going to lead to greater content mastery than another. I haven’t really messed with the settings after I first got it setup, but the only reason it tells you to set the interval modifier as 191% is because you are changing the ease to the lowest possible value, 130%. Using the true retention add-on, you can get a pretty good estimate of retention (better than anki default statistics, in my opinion). The addon is intended for people who want to switch from default Anki settings to the setup recommended by Tatsumoto. 260 votes, 90 comments. in general: READ the section about the interval modifier and the connection between forgetting index and numbers of review needed very carefully in the manual,. Scroll down until you find the “Interval modifier. You aren’t going to have a card go from a 14 day interval to 6 months unless you change the settings to do that. So the next Good interval thereby should be: 2 * 2,35 * 1 = 15,84, but. If we follow the log ratio formula suggested in the Anki documentation, we can easily get a value greater than 2. Increase the interval modifier. Then click the gear icon for that deck. , you press again in a card with an interval >3w). Additionally, the frequency (interval modifier) the cards appear after the student fails them should be adjusted. For example, unless you need to be ready for a test every single day on which want to score highly, it's not a good idea to have retention=95% [RIP the foolhardy med student who. Luckily the Anki algorithm has worked just fine for me! So I stick at around 100%, in the beginning though, when I had only a few cards, I had my interval modifier at around. You might ask what the retention is throughout the learning process as a function of interval. Explore available. Graduating interval: 3 days Easy interval: 4 days Starting Ease: 250% Maximum review/day: 9999 Easy bonus: 130% Interval Modifier: 110% Maximum Interval: 365000 Hard interval: 120% Lapses: 30 1440 New interval: 60 Minimum: 6 days Leech Threshold: 4 lapses Tag only On the Anki manual, it recommends a retention rate of 90% and says that you can use the formula log(90%)/log(current retention rate) to find an interval modifier that will get you close to 90%. CryptoUsing the Anking interval settings on the new Anki interface. I’d figure out what the current success rate was deck-wide, and come up with an interval modifier. Interval Modifier -->80% which will double the interval; I'd go with 70% If u. Is that a possibility? Alternatively: Is there a way to automatically change the interval modifier for cards with intervals of >6m? I. To be clear, A and A::B were using separate option groups, and this still occurred (anki version 2. If you provide accurate variables, the simulator should do a good job of giving you a rough idea of your future workload. No more ease/interval modifier/new. New interval: 10%. 35 that causes all cards with a 130% ease factor to get reset to 250% starting ease. Lowering the intervals overall (with a reduced. If you've been using Anki for a while, simply. Now if your interval Changer is 50%. Run this add-on once to set Ease of your cards to 131% and change Interval Modifier and Starting Ease of your decks accordingly. Sometimes one of these cards comes up, and I want to review the card [perhaps I didn’t quite remember it but answered with a different form, or a synonym, or I have learned more nuance about the. ) Both cards have an ease of 250%. So a card was going to get a mathematically convenient 100 day interval, a 50% interval modifier would make that 50 days. Easy Interval 4 days Starting ease 250% REVIEWS: Easy Bonus 130% Interval Modifier 100% LAPSES: Lapses 10, 60 New Interval 15% - THIS WILL BE CHANGED TO 70% in accordance to the Low Key Anki suggestion Minimum Interval 1 day Leech Threshold 4 - THIS WILL REMAIN UNCHANGED in accordance to the Low Key Anki suggestionAnki’s core algorithm was developed in 1988 by Piotr Woźniak; this was the "open source" SuperMemo 2 algorithm (SM-2). js. The easy interval can be whatever you feel like really, you probably won't be clicking it that much. For example, Don't display the Optimize option when FSRS is disabled. Anki → Preferences → Scheduling → V3 scheduler. You're welcome to talk about all of the apps and services in the Anki ecosystem here, share resources related to Anki or spaced repetition in general, and help each other out with any questions you might have!. Interval modifier 1. 113K subscribers in the Anki community. This is big, this means, in anki terms, that you have an extra interval modifier that depends on the number of reviews only. With Anki, you have full control over the length of the initial learning steps. js. I have a default interval multiplier of 200%, but I want to set it to 120% for cards with. To restore the balance bump Interval Modifier up to 192%. 1875 Anki graduated interval) Day 194. to account for the varying difficulty. The horizontal axis is your personal retention rate at (roughly) default Anki settings. The interval modifier is dark magic, but if Greek seems too easy and pointless, you could increase the interval modifier 10% and see. This is in my opinion the best way to solve the Ease Hell problem once and for all because in Anki any given card can't have Ease lower than 130%. 5^x, if you press Good every time. From what I've read from scientific articles and some videos on YouTube, my understanding is that that 'too much' spaced repetition isn't really an issue for long-term retention (despite the amount of poorly drawn learning. On PC Anki you click a deck's gear, options, reviews, and lower the interval modifier percentage. IIRC the anki defaults seem to be geared more for short term, dense studying (like for tests). The next intervals that the algorithm tries to optimize for you depend on previous interval, ease factor of each card and interval modifier for the deck. New cards / day - 50. ReplyBy default, new interval is 2. It's important to emphasise that in terms of Anki if you suspend a card you are making a decision to forget it – maybe that's a price you're willing to pay but your guide doesn't currently explain that that's what it. What are your settings? Reply. Interval modifier should be 100%. If you have decks A and A::B, and the interval modifier on A::B is 300%, then the interval modifier of cards in deck A (which *aren't* in deck B) is also 300%. Anki is able to deal with cards being late and adapt the new intervals. I have 2 suggestions to try to minimize card number: 1- Use anki only for info that is important and you are likely to forget. True. Zeitdauer Modifier is a non number you set in this settings. If you plug the resulting 65% into the interval modifier, you should find that your retention moves closer to your desired time retention over . 5 ease factor x 1. When the interval modifier is 100%, that means everything is simply multiplied by 1. If this is too low or too high, that can be inconvenient, too much work for no gain, discouraging, etc. 50 = 292. Anki has worked absolutely brilliantly for the first case. 8, you'll find that the intervals increase the same amount as if you would have set the starting ease to 200% (if you only. The other setting you were considerating (max 20 days) will also have a large effect on the number of reviews by. Other than that, you should decrease the interval modifier, as already suggested. The unofficial subreddit for the flashcard app Anki. Always aim to get the 85% success rate. 91 interval modifier. Anki can only adapt automatically the ease factor (depending on the buttons you press after flipping the card). Lowering the intervals overall (with a reduced interval modifier) is not an option because this would lead to a lot of additional work, check the calculations in the manual here. (1 day --> 3 days --> 9 days -->. 20 * 0. 80, though, for example, intervals will be generated at 80% of their normal size (so a 10 day interval would become 8 days). At its default value of 100%, Interval Modifier does nothing. Misc. 15 1440 4320 8640 with 15 day graduating. Here is an example. 1 Like. 05. 112K subscribers in the Anki community. You cannot set a retention percentage as a goal directly, only indirectly (through the "interval modifier"). Each person learns differently and studies different cards it’s unrealistic to expect. reducing the number of new cards reviewed, increasing the interval modifier, or ensuring that leeches are suspended/fixed. It is recommended that you spend a few weeks with the defaults to get a feel for how Anki works before you start adjusting options. Doing it again, it schedules to 2021-05-23 and then to 2021-05-25. 20 New interval 0. In the latest version of FSRS4Anki, maximum interval, easy bonus, and hard interval have been supported. I intend to do this. 00 hard interval: 1. What I would do: drastically drop that interval modifier. 2. Your memory must be amazing. I’ve tried uninstalling, installing previous versions, checking on Ankidroid, Ankiweb, changing the easy interval, changing the. See my preferences below:. 5 KB. There are a lot of parameters and settings in Anki: Steps, Graduating Interval, Easy Interval, Starting Ease, Easy bonus, Interval Modifier, Steps and New Interval for lapses. Well, my interval modifier is 100% and the easy bonus is 140%. Hi !, I recently picked up Anki again after a 6-month lapse. The unofficial subreddit for the flashcard app Anki. -My Beginner Settings-Reviews- Maximum Reviews Per day: 9999 Easy Bonus: 130% Interval Modifier: 100% Does starting ease really that matters because it is only used to set the starting ease for a card, yet the interval modifier changes everything, that is, the intervals needed to review a card. You can modify them in fsrs4anki_scheduler. 00 Hard interval 1. I read anki manual on changing interval modifier. You can use the following formula: log (desired retention%) / log (current retention%) To work out by how much to change the interval modifier. I discovered the problem when I took a month long vacation from Anki, came back, postponed all my cards, and then noticed that all my intervals had been hosed. A subreddit to share and discuss Anki decks for use in studying for the MCAT and premed studies Members Online •. Unfortunately add-ons wouldn’t easily be able to change the reviews on AnkiMobile or I would simply go that route. Go to your Anki stats and see whether or not you have a total retention rate of at least lower than 90%, if not try to reduce your interval modifier to something greater. The downside is the intervals get really long. Goto deck options >> Reviews tab >> Interval modifier. new interval, starting ease, and interval modifier become irrelevant. Just a clarification: Anki doesn't "know" when you'll forget something, you program your "IQ" (Starting ease), define your baseline interval modifier (should actually be lower than 100% because it deters you from mindlessly pressing enter/space key in a zombie haze), and your Easy bonus (what you hope to build up to, where you 100%. As you get closer to test day. You're welcome to talk about all of the apps and services in the Anki ecosystem here, share resources related to Anki or spaced repetition in general, and help each other out with any questions you might have!. The “Easy bonus” is set to 130%. . 1. Anki is great to learn vocabulary and not so good to improve writing/listening. The interval modifier will change your average retention rate. This will provide the same interval growth as a 250% starting ease and 100% interval modifier. Calculate the retention. Tbh this video should be at the top of the sidebar. system Closed May 1, 2023, 5:53amDamien's idea: Use Anki's Reschedule-->Place in Review queue. 5 (36500) reps = 11. Share Sort. 80% interval modifier gets a Good interval of 6 days on 24th of July after 4am. 92 * 1. 2 Likes. If mature cards are off target I fiddle with the new interval, relearning steps, and interval modifier. After you see the graduated card the following day and press 'Good' again, the new interval can be calculated as follows: Current Interval (=1) x Interval Modifier (= 1. The intervals proposed during review seem totally off. Card 1 had a previous interval of 7 days and card 2 had a. We recommend keeping the interval modifier at 100% for medical students to maintain a balanced approach to spaced repetition. So you will graduate the cards on the second step. I guess we have a misunderstanding here. com. The ankihabitica addon will give you some game elements, but it doesn't exactly turn reviews into a game. Decrease the daily through-put to make sure mental exhaustion isn't playing a role. It’s up to me whether that drop in retention is acceptable for the sake of fewer reviews. In the latest version of FSRS4Anki, maximum interval, easy bonus, and hard interval have been supported. Your interval modifier MUST be set to 100% (no change) for all decks. I just want to know how Anki calculates the intervals in this . It's better to just focus on the actual interval by setting your interval modifier appropriately. , Easy , and Hard have slightly different settings each in terms of New cards/day, ease, interval modifiers, steps, etc. So I would slightly reduce the "starting ease", "interval modifier", and "easy bonus" in the deck options. The graduating interval, easy interval, new interval, starting ease, and interval modifier become irrelevant. I’m just going to. First of all, there’s something that’s called an Interval Modifier. Whats the point of setting the starting ease to 131% and the interval modifier to 191?The SM-2 algorithm from the late 1980s is responsible in Anki for its core function of scheduling your repetitions, with the modification of considering each card’s priority. 102K subscribers in the Anki community. the interval of a card is an internal stat of the card/note, if you bury a card that anki showed you today the interval is gonna be the same value today than tomorrow,. Let us assume after 30 days I find my retention to be 75% and hence need to increase my interval modifier again. Please make sure you understand the options before changing them, as mistakes could. Vanilla anki treats seeing the same card 3x (like with learning steps) as "3 cards" instead of one, I believe. What you can do is: Set the interval modifier. 65Create a new option near the top of the Deck Options page for enabling/disabling FSRS. So using the. The graduating interval, easy interval, new interval, starting ease, interval modifier, easy bonus, and hard interval become irrelevant. The requestRetention of FSRS4Anki is equivalent to interval modifier. e. So using the. 20 or 1. 30, Hard Interval 1. 8 and currently have a retention rate of 0. That’s it. Interval Modifier; Hard Interval; New Interval; Custom Scheduling; Deck options primarily control the way Anki schedules cards. Review every single day, including weekends and vacations. Statistics are calculated from the nominal intervals Anki stores in the review. IMO if you're using Anki "correctly" (i. Yes indeed!Anki multiplies the interval by this number, letting the user ask for more or less time between reviews uniformly, across all cards. 2, never changed that value in any deck, it's a good value interval modifier: It's the adjustment slider for me. Rather than messing with deck options, which may have unintended consequences for other decks you use, the easiest way to do this would be for you to re-export the same deck as an Anki Deck Package (*. 1875 * 2. You should also decrease it if you started to use Anki recently and use it for an important exam (Better safe than sorry). In the latest version of FSRS4Anki, maximum interval, easy bonus, and hard interval have been supported. Here, I’m suggesting that we apply this modifier directly to the ease factor of a card on a card-by-card basis rather than a deck-wide adjustment. Let’s look at an example assuming her hit good from your Interval Modifier at 100%. My goal was to reduce my workload, and it worked. I aim for 80-85% because I believe. T he default interval modifier is 100%. No max reviews, easy bonus 30%, interval modifier 100, max interval 365 days Lapses: steps 10, new interval 0%, minimal interview 1 day Locked post. Hotfix: Round %age to one decimal point (same as Anki's "correct rate") Update: Added more time periods. Unfortunately, there's a bug with Anki 2. ) At present, it doesn't seem to be helping. ) At present, it doesn't seem to be helping. 92 * 1. To my surprise, the interval modifier on A::B also affected cards which were just in A (and not in A::B). So if you typically see a card 2 days after first learning it, with a 200% interval modifier, you’ll see it 4 days. I haven’t really messed with the settings after I first got it setup, but the only reason it tells you to set the interval modifier as 191% is because you are changing the ease to the lowest possible value, 130%. ago. Under the lapses section. darthese • 4 yr. You're welcome to talk about all of the apps and services in the Anki ecosystem here, share resources related to Anki or spaced repetition in general, and help each other out with any questions you might have!. Those intervals are computed by the SRS algorithm and cannot really be manipulated directly. Also no option in ANKI (as far as I can see) for this graduating intervals. Reviews. 1. You're welcome to talk about all of the apps and services in the Anki ecosystem here, share resources related to Anki or spaced repetition in general, and help each other out with any questions you might have! So if Anki is suggesting 2 days for 'hard' you could try to set the interval modifier to 50% to knock it down to 1 day. [1](the last interval + delay/4) * hard interval factor * interval modifier Let's say the last interval was 30 days and you're answering the card on-time (so the delay is 0), the hard invert factor from the deck options is 120% and the interval modifier is 76%, then the two options from the above are: 30+1 = 31d (30 + 0/4) * 1. The unofficial subreddit for the flashcard app Anki. You're welcome to talk about all of the apps and services in the Anki ecosystem here, share resources related to Anki or spaced repetition in general, and help each other out with any questions you might have!. Lowering the intervals overall (with a reduced interval modifier) is not an option because this would lead to a lot of additional work, check the calculations in the manual here. Imagine we have a current retention rate of 85% and we want to increase it to 90%. com) Set next_day_starts_at with the “New day starts at” in your Anki. 0%. 7 -> 203 reps over a lifetime. For reference I was closer to OP usually around 80% +/- 2%. 1. For example, if the ease factor is 250% and the interval modifier is 200%, the ease factor would be set to 250x2=500% (with the. I try to aim at 90% retention rate, but for now I've exceeded it as it is 93. As for the 20% interval, I mean that for Lapses. Learn how Anki calculates intervals and how you can modify settings to optimize your learning! NOTE: There is a mistake towards the end of the video when I. Today I want to introduce how to use the FSRS4Anki custom scheduling. it’s a problem with how you learned the material in the first place and it may be better to just shorten the interval modifier. With the starting ease back at 250%, you should return the interval modifier to 100% or at least closer to 100%. With Anki, you have full control over the length of the initial learning steps. js. Press Good, the next time Anki will show the card is: 25. At its default of 100% it does nothing; if you set it to 80% for example, intervals will be generated at 80% of their normal size (so a 10 day interval would become 8 days). I would decrease it to 90%, and then monitor the true retention rate for a couple of weeks. This doesn't conflict with Auto Ease Factor and prevents Anki from treating cards you fail as if you've never seen them before by starting them from scratch. The interval modifier is applied on top of the existing scheduling, so a. google. I just did 2 reviews today and checked both cards to see what interval Anki set. More learning steps so that the information is seen more often after the card graduates. ease_factor * ctx. It is recommended that you spend a few weeks with the defaults to get a feel for how Anki works before you start adjusting options. (+46. At first I was thinking I should set it to 90% instead, because I was worried that if it tries to get me to fail 15% of. My Ease Bonus = 250% and my Interval Modifier = 1. There are no keyboard shortcuts, but it is easier than unsuspending or resetting your Anki deck. There are 2 things that limit how much interval modifier can decrease the interval: Hard interval can’t be less than previous interval; Good interval can’t be less than hard interval; so if a buttons interval is less than previous interval, anki will automatically change it to previous interval. 2 Likes. My monthly average has dropped 1% since that time (63% - 62%) even though I have done everything in my power to get anki to take less time. 38; but the limit that anki allows is 0. Currently, my cards have an interval of roughly x3 when I press 'good'. I was reviewing some of my older flashcards with an interval of > 1 month when I realised I wasn't retaining the info well. This assumes that you leave your new card ease at 250%, as is default in Anki. You can modify them in fsrs4anki_scheduler. Also, play with Pretzel and verify the bad range found before. Basically, if I know the answer instantly I will always hit ‘easy’. 15625 Then every 365 days thereafter, since maximum interval = 365. com The interval modifier is a very imortant setting. Thanks!! Like steps of 15 1440 and graduate at 3 days. But that would also affect the 'good' and 'hard' interval; cutting both in half (which is not what you want). The lower the interval modifier and the lower the max interval, the more reviews you'll do and the more time you'll spend studying. Changing this number will customize all graduated card intervals as you are doing your Anki cards. My step settings are 1 minute / 10 minutes for new cards, a one day graduating interval, a four-day easy interval, 130% percent for easy bonus, 100% for the interval modifier. Question. Getting the Interval Modifier setting—which Matt talked in terms of—from this number is easy: just multiply by 40. Today I want to introduce how to use the FSRS4Anki custom scheduling. The interval modifier expands or shrinks the interval change at every review by a set amount (for instance, if you set it to 90%, all new. Anki Simulator is an add-on for Anki that lets you simulate Anki progress over time using your cards, deck options and statistics. Alternatively I set Interval Modifier this to 70%. From what I understand, I'm meant to change the. The unofficial subreddit for the flashcard app Anki. I did read the Wiki, but my worry was that the model might have been trained on vastly different. If you’re getting 96% right you are probably not optimizing the forgetting curve. This is an extended modification of the add-on Extended Card Stats During Review. interval modifier: 1. interval_multiplier < 1 my interval would decrease. These settings were used for 2 week exam. 00 This one is pretty obvious, but I wanted to include it. Maybe reduce the interval modifier if it affects all review cards?. 00 It might also be important to adjust your daily limits. The requestRetention of FSRS4Anki is equivalent to interval modifier. The Anki Manual describes essentially this same formula in the Deck Options » Reviews section, but there it is used to calculate a deck-wide interval modifier. 95) = 2. This doesn't conflict with Auto Ease Factor and prevents Anki from treating cards you fail as if you've never seen them before by starting them from scratch. An extra multiplier that is applied to all reviews. I am creating a new deck and want low retention of 60% - so out of experience I would want to start with an interval modifier of 130% ( just a gut call). Interval Modifier; Hard Interval; New Interval; Custom Scheduling; Deck options primarily control the way Anki schedules cards. at the end of a session, Reschedule cards rated "GOOD" for 3d ; use Anki option. 00 to a value like 1. Hard Interval After you answer a card, Anki calculates the new interval by doing New = Old * Ease * Interval modifier this means a 50% interval modifier will make a card appear in 10 days instead of 20 days. ago. Hi, I have the following problem: I'm learning Japanese, and using Anki for vocabulary (using one of the Core10k decks). 5 * last interval. Q8: How to set different parameters for specific decks? A8: Step 1: Add code to the. 5. Interval Modifier. If it’s 200%, everything is multiplied by 2. If you set it to 0. So I have LKA installed on 2. Thanks, I’ll do that. No more ease/interval modifier/new interval tuning necessary. Decrease the daily through-put to make sure mental exhaustion isn't playing a role. thank you sm!! If you are syncing the desktop client with the app then the intervals for any given card should be the same on both. Graduating interval: 3 days Easy interval: 4 days Starting Ease: 250% Maximum review/day: 9999 Easy bonus: 130% Interval Modifier: 110% Maximum Interval: 365000 Hard interval: 120% Lapses: 30 1440 New interval: 60 Minimum: 6 days Leech Threshold: 4 lapses Tag onlyOn the Anki manual, it recommends a retention rate of 90% and says that you can use the formula log(90%)/log(current retention rate) to find an interval modifier that will get you close to 90%. e. 3. However, this is not what you want because you've just lowered Starting Ease to 131% in the previous section. If you're using different schedulers (for example, V3 in desktop, V2 in Ankidroid) the intervals may differ. Anki → Preferences → Scheduling → V3 scheduler. 00) x Starting Ease = 1 x 1 x 2. 1. New interval = Current interval * ease factor * interval modifier. I read anki manual on changing interval modifier. You can use this to increase or decrease the default review. 26). "Efficiency" in this case means "cards learned per hour of time studying".